Rotary furnace or kiln



Jan. 30, 1923.

- A. DWORZAK. ROTARY FURNAcE 0R K||.N.

FILED JUNE I6. 1920. 3 sHEErsrsHEl-:T 2

Patented `lan. 3G, i923.

' rra ROTARY FURNACE OR KILN.

Application led June 16,

To @ZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, Anon-PH DWORZAK, a citizen of Russia, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Rotary Furnaces or Kilns, of which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to rotary apparatus for agitating and feeding granular or pulverulent material while it is being heated, for the purpose of calcining such material, or driving off gases, or obtaining any action thereon which is produced by passing the material through such apparatus. The object of my invention is to construct the apparatus in such a way as to obtain great efficiency in operation and durability of the parts.

Without wishing to restrict myself to the speciicstructure disclosed herein, I- will now describe in detail a typical and preferred form of my invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig., 1 is an axial vertical section of the furnace or kiln, taken on line 1 1 of Fig. 2. the latter being a vertical cross section on the line II-H of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a partial side elevation of the discharge end of the apparatus; Fig. e is a corresponding end elevation, and Fig. 5 a corresponding bottom view; Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of certain parts, taken on line VI--VI of Fig. L1; Fig. 7 is a section of a ring forming part of the structure, taken on line Vil-VII of Fig. 8, the latter being a section of said ring on line VIH-VIH of Fig. 7 Figs. 9 and 10 show upon an enlarged scale, portions of Figs. 7 and 8 respectively; Fig.V 11 is a vertical section on the line XI-XI of Fig.

3; Fig.- 12 is a detail longitudinal vertical section on line XII-XII of Fig. 13; Figs.v 13 and 14 are detail views in cross section on lines XIII- XIII and XV--XV respectively of Fig. 12; Figs. 15 and 16 are detail face views of certain parts; Figs. 17 and 19 are face views oftwo bearing rings forming part of the apparatus; Figs. 18 and 2O are corresponding diametral horizontal sections of these bearing rings; and Figs. 21 and 22 are corresponding enlarged views showing only the lefthand portions of Figs. 18 and 20 respectively, together with one of the bearing balls.

The furnace comprises a central longitudinal treatment chamber through which the 1920. Serial No. 389,360.

material travels from one end to the other. This chamber is formed by a casing or muflie 1 the outer surface of which is of circular cross section (Fig. 2), while on the inner surface there is a helical rib 2 which, in conjunction with the cylindrical inner surface portions lying between the convolutions of said rib, forms a helical conveyor groove or channel 3. The muflie 1 with its rib 2 is made of refractory material. The purpose of this helical arrangement is to mix and convey the heated material through the mulc continuously during the rotation, of the apparatus, thereby insuring uniform exposure of the individual particles to the heat in the inutile, facilitating the escape of the gases generated within the material, preventing mixture of the fresh incoming material with that already treated, and absolutely controlling the time during which the material is exposed to the heat.

Vhile the muiie might be made of a single piece, it will generally be preferred to construct it in sections, as indicated at 4, 5, the joints 6 being held in place by suitable legs or braces extending through the combustion chamber 7 which surrounds the" muftle 1. .These legs might be solid, but in the embodiment illustratedthey co-operate with hollow metal rings 8 the cylindrical inner surfaces `of which are fitted against or into the outer surface of the inutile 1, while at their outer surfaces said rings 8 are formed with nipples 8 screw-threaded to receive the inner ends of the hollow legs or braces 9, of spoke-like arrangement, the outer ends of said braces communicating with the interior of the cooling jacket which surrounds the vcombustion chamber 7 The cooling jacket is formed by two spaced metal walls or shells 10 and 11, the inner shell 10 having metal heads 13 and 14 at its opposite ends, and the outer shell 11 having corresponding heads' 12 and 15, the two heads at lthe same end of the furnace being spaced from each other so that the water or cooling compartment k16 extends between such heads as well as around the combustion chamber 7. At the feeding lend (left-hand end in Fig. 1), the cooling chamber extends quite close to the axis of the furnace, while at the discharge end (right-hand in Fig. 1) the cooling chamber extends only to the outer surface of the Inutile 1, as indicated at 17. As has been .shown Fig. 2. a, liquid 18 (say, water) ioo is generally employed as the cooling agent, in Which case the level of the liquid should be belouY the top or the jacket, so as to leave space 1S) for evaporation, the steam passing from said space l@ to a collector 20 oit circular shape located at the feed end olthe furnace. The muftle l is thus held in place relatively to the jacket, it being understood that all or these parte are connected rigidly to rotate in unison, as will be set forth below. The inner wall l0 ol" the jacket has openings 2l through which the liquid-space .i8 ot the jacket 'lo communicates with the mullle and jacket are suitaolv supo enable them to rotate about"tlgcL lo nal axis of' the furnace. ^tor instance the jacket may be provided with external carrjh ing rings resting,- ou rollers 2?) (Fie: 2) journaled in stationarj7 bearings one oit the rings 22 beingtoothed yto mesh with a pinion the shaft of which is journaled in stationary bearings and also carries a Worm Wheel 24 driven by a Worin 25 actuated l j power applied to one oit the pulleys 26, tl s drive being of the character rell-'knou'n connection with rotary,7 kilns or Jfurnaces.

@t a suitable point, pre'lerablc at the discharge end of the furnace, a 'pluralitv llues 27 extend outurardlj,v trom the conibustion chaml er 7 through the cooling' jacket, to carry away the combustion og' ses `Vtrom the. chamber 7 in an;7 appropriate manner; for instance. the lues man' lead to a Weten jacketed metal line 28 trom which the escape directly,T into the atmosphere. sual expedients, such as lans7 maj/*ibo einploved to promote the draft and Y.Facilitate the illscharge ot the combustion gases.

At the outlet or discharge end ot thc 'turN nace is a stationary discharge valve 2S". which I prefer to provide uuith a Water jacket. for cooling purpose... This valve is provided with, or secured to. a bcariuer rim 30 -which lits Within a companion rim 3l attached to the jacket head l5. These rims 30, 3l are arranged to overlap. and one oi' .them rotates adjacent to the other. balls being preferably interposed between the rims to vreduce friction. The valve 29 is. preterablj.T pressed or held against the jacket bj: suitable yieldinrg'm'eans, 'for in-i 4stance weights 53 hung on flexible connec`v tions which are attached urn s 34 ot the valve. The latter is also provioed with one nab/lasse or more observation holes or sights with tightly-fitted lenses 3o, and with one or more outlets 3?, 23S through which gases or vapors evolved in the treatment chamber may be led away, either to the surrounding air, or, il" desired, to any suitable suction apparatus connected with said outlets and producing a partial vacuum in the furnace. rl`he discharge spout for the heated solid anaterial is suitably connected according as the 'furnace is operated with a vacuum or not. vlli/'hen operating with vacuun'i, thc rims l, 3l have one or more annular grooves '-ll?, rcs iccti ly, into ,vhichproject rings relierably with the interposition or paell- "iig (not shouf'n) in one or both or the .-,l'ioov-es, to be engaged by the edge or the A. 'tight joint is thus obtained as one it the rims, 3l, rotates and causes the rings to slide on said packings. 'Vhen operat- 'ng with a vacuum, a suitable 1vessel, under )artial vacuum (not shown) is required to cceirc the heated material discharged Yhrough the spout 39.

tsuitable places l may iz all thermo couples extenclingjY through the rouille Wall l, the combustion chamber and the acket l0, ll, and properly insulated in the Combustion chamber s indicated at 43 i?. 2, the thermo-coun may pass through a and a .ring 8. lhc thermo vwires are connected on the outside ot the jack to collector rings Ll5 secured to the jaclret, and from thes rings the cu rent is'talren by means of trolleys or contacv i t6 mounted on stationaryv supports, and connected in any Well-known or apprc" l manner with temperaturc-indicating devices (not shown).

lpaced conveniently throughout the heating,` or combustion chamber 7 are a number ot burners or nozzles 4:7 tor 'the admission ot fuel, leading through the Walls l0. ll olf the jacket. rlhese nozzles or jets a7 are built on the injector'principle, and are connccted on the outside of the jacket to pipes a8, 49, and 50 which extend to the head ot the jacket and to the head valve 51.

This head valve 51 has a central tube 52 leading to the Inutile, for feeding the material into the inutile axially, which tube 52 maj7 be stationarjT and is preferably pro vided with a screiv conve-vor 52. The tube 52 is littcd into a cylinder the end flange orp which, 54, is conveniently Jfastened to the inner plate 13 ot the jacket and rotates together with the drum part of the furnace. The cylinder 58 lits into another hollow cylinder 55 which is stationary and has radial or transverse Walls 56 and 57 (see Fig. dividing it into two longitudinal compartments or sectors. 58 and 59. The compartment or sector 58 is illustrated as kprovided with inlets 60 on the end reaching into the j acketq and 'there counected tcpipesl which lead to the upper space 2O for the collection of steam ory vapors generated in the jacket, while the other compartment or sector, 59, has a port 62 and an outlet pipe dipping into the lower portion of the jacket (see Figs. l and l2) for the supply of water or other liquid in connection with the cooling and evaporating action'referred to above. compartments or sectors and 58 hare other pipes and respecti', y en posite end (ezteriorly the furnace), and from these pipes (ill, 65 suitable connect-ions may be made for supplyingL water or other liquids to the acket, and for carryingaway the vapors from the jacket.

The cylinder' 55 is surrounded by a drum 66 which is orovided, at the iortion located within the jachet 1G, ll, with ports 66 connected with the pipes 50 men tioned above as leading to the jets or burners 47. At the other end, that is to Say, outside the jacket, there are, lea-ding into the interior of the drum 66, the same number of p ce." as there are pipe connections leading to the jets 47. rThis end of the drum is preferably of a conical shape, as indicated at 67, and fitted into a hollow distributing rin'i 687. By means of its iiange 69, the drum 68 is attachedjto the outer shell plate l2 of the jacket lil, il, yso as to rotate therewith. l prefer to make the distributing rini 68 with a circular series of openings 70 of graduated length (Fig. le), for thc admission of fuel and air to the drum ports 66 at points corresponding to the location of the openings 70, and during intervals of time which correspond to the relatire lengths of said openings andV also depend, of course. on the speed at which the drinn or furnace rotating. The fuel supf ply will therefore be cut off and re-established at predetermined intervals and j points. it being understood that the rim 68 stationary owf .o to its attachment to the stationary pipe 7i through which lthe mix ture of fuel and air is supplied. Stuiiing boxes such as 72, 73, and 74 are supplied at suitable points of the cylinder ends and of the rim.

rit 75 I have indicated a rotary so-called vacuum yalie, which may be of well-known construction, for preserving a tight joint while permitting the material to be fed to the conveyor 52.

The heating of the treatment chamber and of the material therein is of a peculiar character, owing especially to the provision of openings 70 of different length. Thus the lower portion of the maille, which contains the greatest amount or thickness of materialv` is heated most strongly, since the bottom opening 'T0 is the longest (circ-uinferentialljf). Not only is this bottom openingr longer than the others, but its length is such that it will always connect with at Both ' annular heating least one of the openings or ports 66, the circumferential length of said lowermost opening 70 being at least equal to the circumferential distance between two ports 66. lt follows that the lowermost burners, controlled by the lowermost openings 70, will burn permanently, while the other burners or nozzles, controlled by the `higher openings TO, will burn only intermittently. Overheating of the upper portion of the furnace is thus avoided. inasmuch as the lowerniost burners are in operation constantly during the use of the furnace., the other burners will re-light automatically, from the llames of said lowermost burners, as soon as the supply of theffuel'to the intermittently-operating burners is re-established as set forth.

Various modifications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention as dened by the appended claims.

l claim as my invention:

l. A device of the class described, provided with a casing and means within said casing for feeding the material to be treated, lengthwise within said casing,l a shell surrounding said casing at a distance, means for leading heating gases into the space between said casing and said shell, -and another shell surrounding the first-named shelll at a distance and forming therewithl a jacket for the reception of cooling water.

2. i device of the class described, provided with a central treatment casing, a cooling jacket surrounding said casing at a distance, an annular heating chamber interposed between said casing and said jack-et. hollow braces communicating i with said jacket and extending inwardly therefrom toward said casing, and hollow mnnication with the inner endsl of said braces and in engagement with said casing.

3. A device of the class described, pri vided with a central casing made in sections set end to end, a cooling jacket surrounding said casing at a distance, an annular heating chamber interposed between said casingF and said jacket, hollow braces communicating with said jacket and extending inwardly therefrom througi the heating chamber, and hollow rings in communication with said braces and in engagement with said casing at the joints of its sections. j

el. A device of the class described, provi led with a central treatment casing made in sections set 'end to end, a cooling jacket surrounding said casing at a distance, an

j chamber interposed between said casing and said jacket, and hollow ring/s communicating with said jacket and eng ging the casing at the joints of its sections.

5'. A device of the class described, provided with a central treatmentchamber, annular heating chamber surrounding said in com! casing, and a cooling` jacket surroundimr said heating' chamber and also having head portions extending transversely across the ends ot said heatingK chamber.

6. fl. device or the class described, pio vided with a central treatment chamber of substantially cylindrical shape, an annular heating chamber surroundinf' said casing,

cooling jacket surrounding said heatanu a ing chamber and also havingF head portions at the respective ends of the ,said chamber, one of said head portions terminating at the outer sur-tace oi the casing, and the other extendingr inwardly beyond said surtace.

7. i device ot the class described, provided with central treatment chamber of substantially cylindrical shape having an outlet at one end and axial inlet means at the other end, an annular heating chamber surrounding said casing, and a. cooling' jacket sr-.rroundinql said heating chamber and having.; head portions extending transversely at the ends ot said chamber, the head portion oi' the jacket at the outlet end of the casing extending to the outer surfacel ot the casing, While the head portion oic the jacket at the inlet end of the casing extends inivardly to said inlet means.

8. fr device oi" the class described, provided with a rotary structure comprising' a central treatment casing', an annular heating chamber surrounding said casing, a cooling jacket surrounding` said heating` chamber, and stationary means forming' an outlet 'from the upper portion ot the jacket, to carry aivay steam or other gaseous matter therefrom.

9. A device of the class described, provided with a rotary structure comprising a central treatment casing, having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end tor the discharge oi the treated material, an annular heatingchamber surrounding' said casing, a cooling,Y jacket surrounding said heating' chamber, and stationary means forming,y an outlet for gaseous product from the upper portion ot the said jacket, near thev inlet end ot the casing.

l0. A device ot the class described, pro-- vided with rotary structure comprising a treatment casing, a heating chamber surrounding`l` said casing, burner jets in said chamber, a rotary drum in permanent connection With said burner jets, and a stationary `fuel-sappl)v ring having ports Which by the rotationvv oit said drum are brought arternately into and out of communication with the interior of the drum.

1i. A device of the class described, proled with a rotary structure comprising,r a

`leatment casing and a heating; chamber tently.

ifi/rasee l2. A. device of the class described, provided With a rotary treatment casing, a rotary heating chamber surrounding said casing, burner jets in said chamber, a driun mounted to turn in unison With-said chamber and casing* and in permanent communication with said burner jets, and also provided with fuel-supply openings, and a stationary fuel-supply member having ports or". diil'ei'ent circumferential extent arranged to come successively into and out ot registry with aid uelsupply openings of the drum. 13. device of the class described, provided with a rotary treatment casing', a rotary heating` chamber surrounding said casing, a rotary cooling jacket surrounding said heating; chamber, a stationary member divided into two compartments in permanent communication with the upper and with the lower portion of the said jacket, to receive gaseous matter from said upper portion and to supply liquid to said lower portion respectively, and a rotary drum surrounding said stationary member and communicating with the heating chamber, and means tor supplying iuel to said drum during its rotation.

lll. A device of the class described, provided with a chamber-ed body mounted to turn about a substantially horizontal axis, means for heating the lower portion of said bodyr permanently, and means controlled by the rotation of said body 'r'or heating the upper portion of said body intermittently during` its rotation.

15. A device ot the class described, provided with a` treatment casing," mounted to turn about a substantially horizontal. axis, a heating chamber surrounding said casing, burners located in said chamber and mounted to turn with said casing, and means, operated by the rotation of the said casing and burners, to cause an intermittent operation ot the burners at the upper portion oi the heating` chamber.

16, device of the class described, provided with a treatment casing mounted to turn about a substantially horizontal axis, a heating chamber surrounding said casing, burners rotating With said casing; and located in said heating chamber, a drum rotating' With said casing and communicating' with said burners, said drum having inlet ports oif even circumferential spacing, and a stationary fuel-supply member having ports adapted to register with said drum ports, the lowerinost port ot said member being et a circumferential extent at least equal to the circumferential distance between two adjacent drum ports, and the other ports of said member being of less circumferential extent.

17 A device oi" the class described, provided wvith a rotary treatment casing having yseparate means for discharging the` treated material and gaseous or volatile matter evolved therefrom respectively, and a heating chamber separate from the material-containing space of said casing, so as to keep the heating the material.

18. A device ot the class described, coinprising a rotary structure composed of an outer shell, an inner shell spaced from said outer shell, and a casing within said inner shell and spaced therefrom, stationary means extending into the space between said two shells to supply a cooling liquid thereto and to allow vapors to escape theretroni, stationary means for supplying heating gases tothe space between the inner shell and the casing at one end thereof, and tor withdrawing such gases at the other end, material-supplying nieansl located at one end o said rotary casing and having provisions Jfor preventing the entrance ot' outside air, and a stationary material-discharge device located at the other end of said casing and having an air-tight joint surface against which the said casing bears while rotating.

19. A device of the class described, provided with a rotary casing adapted to contain the material to be treated, materialsupplying means located at one end ot said casing and having an air-tight joint surface against which the casing bears while rotating, and a stationary material-discharge device located at the other end of the casgases out ot' contact withv in the casing by connecting an exhausting device with said tubular outlet.

20. A device ot the class described, provided with a casing made ot refractory ma terial and having a longitudinal central space for the reception of the substances to lbe heated to a high temperature, ineans for heating the substances in said casing, and hernietically-closing inlet and outlet devices at opposite ends of said casing, to allow the substances under treatment to enter and leave said casing while excluding the entrance ot outside air into the said casl. A device of the class described, provided with a longitudinal rotary casing hav ing an internal thread for teeding the material lengthwise as the casing rctatesand for preventing the material lying between the turns of the thread near the entrance end or" the casing, from mixing with material which has progressed farther toward the outlet end ot the casing, and hermetically-closing inlet and outlet devices at opposite ends of said casing. i

ln testimony whereof l have signed this speciication.

AD @LPH DWORZAK. 

